Multigene Assessment of Biodiversity of Diatom(Bacillariophyceae) Assemblages from the Littoral Zone of the Bohai and Yellow Seas in Yantai Region of Northeast China with some Remarks on Ubiquitous Taxa

Diatoms are important contributors to the benthic microeukaryote flora. This manuscript lays the foundation for future metagenomic and environmental sequencing projects off coastal China by curating diatom DNA sequences from the Yantai region of the Bohai and Yellow Seas (Northeast China). These studies are based on cultures established from samples collected in different seasons from marine littoral and supralittoral zones in 2013 and 2014. Thirty-six diatom strains were cultured successfully and identification of these clones was determined by light and scanning electron microscopy(LM and SEM) and DNA sequencing of the nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) and chloroplast-encoded rbcL and psbC genes. The strains primarily represent raphid pennate genera, such as Amphora, Amphora (Oxyamphora), Caloneis, Diploneis, Halamphora, Navicula, Nitzschia, Parlibellus, Pleurosigma, Surirella and Tryblionella. When the DNA markers from these strains were analysed in a multi-gene phylogeny, we found that some clones-particularly within the genera Amphora, Navicula and Nitzschia-show greater than expected genetic diversity despite their very similar morphology and morphometrics. We also compared the molecular and morphological identities of several seemingly ubiquitous marine littoral taxa in the genera Amphora and Nitzschia from the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, the Red Sea and Adriatic Sea to their Yellow Sea counterparts

Metabolic syndrome is associated with similar long-term prognosis in non-obese and obese patients. An analysis of 45 615 patients from the nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004-2015 cohort studies

Aims We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and long-term all-cause mortality. Methods The LIPIDOGRAM studies were carried out in the primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006 and 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. The cohort was divided into four groups: non-obese patients without MetS, obese patients without MetS, non-obese patients with MetS and obese patients with MetS. Differences in all-cause mortality was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results 45,615 participants were enrolled (mean age 56.3, standard deviation: 11.8 years; 61.7% female). MetS was diagnosed in 14,202 (31%) by NCEP/ATP III criteria, and 17,216 (37.7%) by JIS criteria. Follow-up was available for 44,620 (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years) patients. MetS was associated with increased mortality risk among the obese (hazard ratio, HR: 1.88 [95% CI, 1.79-1.99] and HR: 1.93 [95% CI 1.82-2.04], according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively) and non-obese individuals (HR: 2.11 [95% CI 1.85-2.40] and 1.7 [95% CI, 1.56-1.85] according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria respectively). Obese patients without MetS had a higher mortality risk than non-obese patients without MetS (HR: 1.16 [95% CI 1.10-1.23] and HR: 1.22 [95%CI 1.15-1.30], respectively in subgroups with NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria applied). Conclusions MetS is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in non-obese and obese patients. In patients without MetS obesity remains significantly associated with mortality. The concept of metabolically healthy obesity should be revised